Class Notes

Class Notes

Vocabulary in this lesson:

 

Means: medio   To promote: promocionar 
 Rank: grado, rango  To hold-down = to pin: inmovilizar
 Gentle: suave   On/Off balance: des/equilibrado 
 Ability: capacidad   To strangle = to choke: estrangular
 To perform: ejecutar  Contest: competición 
 Tie-breaker: punto para desempatar   Joint lock: luxación
 To oppose: oponer   To give way: ceder el paso (dejar hacer)
Grappling: técnicas de suelo (luxaciones, inmovilizaciones y estrangulaciones)

  

A small history of Judo:

Judo is a fun sport, a discipline, a fitness program, a means of self-defense or combat, and for many people, a way of life.

Judo comes to us from the fighting system of feudal Japan. It was created in 1882 by Dr. Jigoro Kano, judo is an adaptation of the ancient martial art of Jujutsu.

The judo Dr. Kano showed his pupils was not just a sport but a way of life. He based his teachings around the principles of gentleness.

Kano became the first Asian IOC (International Olympic Comitee) member in 1912 and began to travel Internationally promoting judo throughout America and Europe. Judo became an Olympic sport in the 1964 Games in Tokyo, and women judo joined in Barcelona 92. It is a very important fact, as he created a sport, he made it international and olympic, and all this during his lifetime.

                                                                                                                                 Images: Wikimedia Commons

The Philosophy of Judo:

Judo is defined as the "gentle way." That means that you do not resist the force of your oponent, you move with it and you use it against him to your advantage.

The first thing to learn is never to oppose strength with strength. If you do that, the stronger man will inevitably win. Judo is a sport based on techniques, not strength.

Remember that when your opponent is on balance, he is strong, but off balance he is weak. If someone pulls you, you push. If someone pushes you, you pull.

Your attacker may be using force, but he is not in complete control of it.

This is why you give way instead of meeting resistance. In short:

Use your attacker's force against him.

Here you have a small video showing you some judo techniques:

 

 

 

A) Positions in the court:

There are six positions in the court. Three in the front line and three in the back line. Players must keep their positions before the other team serves. After the server hits the ball, players can move freely.

Positions are numbered 1 to 6. Number 1 is the serving position, at the right side of the back line. Number 2 is in front of him, to the right of the front line. The rest of the positions are numbered counterclockwise, so number 6 is the back line player on the centre.

The Server 

- Stands with both feet in the “service area”: behind the baseline of the volleyball court.
One player serves continuously until his or her team commits a “fault”, after which the opposite team “rotates” and serves the ball.  

Back-row Players (Left, Right, Middle Backs)

    

Front-line Players (Left, Right, Middle)

- Play in the backcourt behind the attack line.                                            

-They are responsible for passing the ball to teammates who then “set” the ball to the spikers.

-Back-row players also “dig” the ball on serves or returned shots.

          

-Positioned in the front court between the attack line and the net.

-These players hit “spikes” into the opposite court and jump to “block” shots from their opponents.

 

B) Rotation:

Everytime your team gains the posession of the ball, your whole team must rotate one position clockwise. So the player that was in position number 2 goes to position number 1 and serves. Player that was on number one moves to number 6 and so on.  

Each player must be within the court at the time the ball is served. All players must be in their correctly rotated position. If one player is out of his position, the team commits a fault and they lose a rally.

 

Here you have a video from wikihow explaining the rotation:

 

SUBTITLES: 1. Clic the play button. 2. Clic on the grey rectangular button with two lines

 

WHAT´S A VOLLEYBALL GAME LIKE?
Volleyball teams have 12players, 6 on the court. They hit a ball over a net using any part of their bodies. Image: https://www.abileneymca.org/ 

You score a point when you make the ball bounce on the court of the oponent team. You also score a point when the other team can not return the ball over the net to your court.

You don' t need to have the posession of the ball to score.

Who wins?

The first team to score 25 points by a margin of two points, wins the set.
The team that wins three sets wins the volleyball match.     Image: https://www.abileneymca.org/                                                                                                                                                 

How Long Is A Match?

There is no time limit for a volleyball match. 
 

What are the main faults?

A fault occurs when:

  1. -You hold, push or throw the ball. 
  2. -A team contacts the ball more than three times consecutively. (Except when the first contact is a block). 
  3. -A ball touches a player twice in succession or the ball touches the body twice in succession. 
  4. -Players are out of position at service. 
  5. -A player touches the net.
  6. -A player attacks the ball above the opponent court or steps in an opponent’s court. 
 

What you can do: 

  1. -Touch the ball with any part of your body.
  2. -Hit the ball three times between different players.
  3. -Play the ball outside of the court lines.
  4. -Serve anywhere behind the base line.
  5. -Touch the net with the ball.

What you can´t do:

  1. -Touch the ball two times consecutively 
  2. -Hold the ball or push it
  3. -Touch the net with your body
  4. -Step on the centre line or the opponent´s court.
                                                        
Here you have a video explaining Volleyball´s basic rules:

SUBTITLES: 1. Clic the play button. 2. Clic on the grey arrow on the right of the screen, and then on "CC"

 

 

 

      

Image: www.sun-sentinel.com

 

A) THE UNDERHAND SERVE:

-Stand outside the court, behind the end line.

-If you are righthanded, hold the ball with your left hand. Place your left foot in front of you but behind the line.
-Place the ball in front of your body, in line with your right foot and arm.

-To hit the ball, move your right arm forwards and keep it extended. If you bend it, the ball will not reach the net.

 Image: www.usavolleyball.org

-Hit the ball with the palm of your hand. If you do not hit the ball with a flat surface, its trajectory is unpredictible. 

-Keep your hand tense. It is not important if you close or you open your fingers, but you must hold them tense, so you don´t hurt yourself when hitting the ball.

-After hitting the ball, follow it with your body and step into the court. 

 Here you have a couple of videos form SportsEd TV explaining the serve:

The underhand serve:

Remember you can use Youtube´s subtitles!

 
The overhand serve by Patty Shaffer:
 
Remember you can use Youtube´s subtitles!

 

 

B) THE FOREARM PASS (or Dig):

-Use it to receive a serve or a low ball and pass it to the setter.

-Position is fundamental to react quickly: You must wait for the ball leaning forwards on your toes with a semi-flexion of your knees. Your feet must be shoulder witdth apart.

-Join your hands together, making a fist with one hand and wrapping in it the palm of your other hand. 

-Let the ball hit you in the middle part of your forearms simultaneously.  A common mistake is to hit the ball with your wrists or hands. This often makes the ball bounce with an unpredictable trajectory and it goes out of your court.

                                                              Image: www.usavolleyball.org

-Press the wrists and hands down to fully extend the arms.
-Bend your knees before the ball gets to you so that you can absorb the serve and keep the ball in your court. 

 

Here you have a video from coachUp explaining the forearm pass:

 SUBTITLES: 1. Clic the play button. 2. Clic on the grey arrow on the right of the screen, and then on "CC"

 

 

C) THE SET:

-The set is an overhead pass. With it, you send the ball high to front-line players so they can smash.

-Have a good waiting position to react quickly.
-Raise your hands above your head. Your thumbs and index fingers must form a triangle, with the rest of the fingers adapting to the shape of the ball.
 
-Go to the ball and get under it, facing the direction to which you want to pass it.
-Bend your elbows and your knees. Look at the ball through the opening between your hands.
 
-You must hit the ball with both hands together and simultaneously.  Don’t let the ball touch your palm. This is called a push, and is a violation. 

theset.jpg

-Receive the ball over your head, and act as a spring:     Image: www.usavolleyball.org

-Hit the ball with your fingertips but using your whole body. All the following parts of your body must extend to hit the ball:  first your legs, afterwards your upper body and arms, and finally your wrists and fingers.

 

Here you have a video from wikiHow explaining the set:

 

SUBTITLES: 1. Clic the play button. 2. Clic on the grey arrow on the right of the screen, and then on "CC"

 

 

D) THE SPIKE (or Smash):

-The spike is a powerful smash into the opposite court.

-The spiker must be careful not to touch the net. 

-Front row players can attack the ball from anywhere on the court. Back row players can only attack from behind the three meter line.  

- Approach the net and in the last step, place both feet at the same time on the floor. Your feet must be shoulder-width apart. Swing both arms back to help you with the jump.

-Jump with both feet, as you raise both arms. Aim to the ball with your left hand (if you are righthanded).

-In the air, bring your right hand to your ear, and your elbow back. Bring your left arm down and hit the ball with your right palm. Your arm must be extended.

-You must hit the ball in front of your head, not above it, so it goes straight to the floor.

-Do not touch the net, and land on both feet. 

  Image: www.usavolleyball.org

 -This is a very difficult move, and requires perfect timing with the ball, so keep trying until you get it!!
 

 

Here you have a video from couchUp explaining the spike:

SUBTITLES: 1. Clic the play button. 2. Clic on the grey arrow on the right of the screen, and then on "CC"

TAKE A LOOK AT THE COURT IN THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM:

NOW LET´S START WITH THE VOCABULARY:

TECHNIQUES:                                          

 

A Serve: Servicio o saque        An Underhand serve: saque de abajo
 A Set/Overhand pass: Colocación o toque de  dedos.    A pass/Forearm pass /Dig: Toque de antebrazos
 A Spike or Smash: Remate  
 A Rally: un punto, la duración de un punto   

 

 

ACTIONS:                          

  1. To serve: sacar
  2. To pass: pasar
  3. To set: colocar
  4. To attack: atacar
  5. To defend: defender
  6. To switch or rotate: rotar
  7. To hold: sujetar o mantener
  8. To score: anotar
  9. To hit: golpear
  10. To commit: cometer
  11. To place: colocar o poner
  12. To reach: alcanzar
  13. To lean: inclinarse
  14. To wrap: envolver
  15. To swing: balancear
  16. To raise: elevar
  17. To aim: apuntar
 
 

PLAYERS:

  1. Front row player: delantero
  2. Setter: colocador                    
  3. Back row player: zaguero 
  4. Server: sacador
  5. Captain: Capitán
  6. Hitter or spiker: rematador

                                                                                                                       

Before we start, take a look at this video showing you some spectacular volleyball actions: 

 

SUBTITLES: 1. Clic the play button.  2. Clic on the grey arrow on the right of the screen, and then on "CC"

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